The planetary nebula forms right at the end of the red giant phase. What happens is when the red giant begins to collapse the very outer layers do not collapse with the rest of the star but rather get ejected out around the newly forming white dwarf that will slowly spread into the vastness of space. The newly formed white dwarf illuminates this dust giving its dazzling appearance.
What does it mean for matter to be crushed into a single point of infinite density? Does this have something to do with atomic and subatomic particles?
What this means is that the crushing force produced by a black hole is so strong that nothing is able prevent it from being compacted into something close to, if not infinitely small and yet incredibly dense. Think of it like crushing a soda can, if you find the mass of the can and then crush it, it's still the same mass, this is the same for black holes but on a much grander scale. Except this time it is several times the mass of the sun and so gravity becomes so strong not even light can escape it. I don't think it has any relation atomic and subatomic particles but we also have never been able to study what actually happens inside of a black hole.
Neutron stars are not the only thing astronomers can observe but rather are the heaviest they can observe, this is because once a star reaches the neutron star limit it will become a black hole and since light cannot escape a black hole, there is nothing to visibly observe. The reason we know neutron stars are so dense is because we can use kepler's third law to find the mass of the star, and then we can shoot particles at a neutron star to figure its cross sectional area to find radius and with that we can find its volume and since Density is Mass divided by its volume, we know it's very very dense.
Neutron degeneracy pressure is the force that keeps gravity from crushing a star once electron degeneracy pressure cannot push against gravity. This force occurs because as the star contracts neutrons get pushed into higher energy levels which create a pressure that goes against further gravitational collapse, however there is a limit to this pressure and if it is surpassed a star will become a black hole. This has a clear effect on neutron stars because without it neutron stars simply wouldn’t exists, the tiers of stars would simply be white dwarf to immediately a black hole.
The densest star found was found by Paul Demorest in 2010 using some newer technique/Instruments and was found to be twice as massive as our sun (2Msun)
The existence of neutron stars was discovered in 1932 but were brushed off as hypothetical phenomena since there was little ability to measure them, The first measured discovery of a neutron star was in 1967 by Jocelyn Bell
We find black holes through X-Ray Radiation, not from the black hole itself however but by the surrounding material around the black hole that are being funneled into the black hole by the force of gravity, these materials swirl around the black holes disk that they heat up enough to emit X-Rays and we can detect them from earth. They also can be observed by the motion of stars near a black hole.
What happens to the planetary nebula(outer shell of the original star) during the red giant phase of what will become a white dwarf?
ReplyDeleteThe planetary nebula forms right at the end of the red giant phase. What happens is when the red giant begins to collapse the very outer layers do not collapse with the rest of the star but rather get ejected out around the newly forming white dwarf that will slowly spread into the vastness of space. The newly formed white dwarf illuminates this dust giving its dazzling appearance.
DeleteWhat does it mean for matter to be crushed into a single point of infinite density? Does this have something to do with atomic and subatomic particles?
ReplyDeleteWhat this means is that the crushing force produced by a black hole is so strong that nothing is able prevent it from being compacted into something close to, if not infinitely small and yet incredibly dense. Think of it like crushing a soda can, if you find the mass of the can and then crush it, it's still the same mass, this is the same for black holes but on a much grander scale. Except this time it is several times the mass of the sun and so gravity becomes so strong not even light can escape it. I don't think it has any relation atomic and subatomic particles but we also have never been able to study what actually happens inside of a black hole.
DeleteHow come astronomers can only observe Neutron stars and what do they use to tell that Neutron stars are dense?
ReplyDeleteNeutron stars are not the only thing astronomers can observe but rather are the heaviest they can observe, this is because once a star reaches the neutron star limit it will become a black hole and since light cannot escape a black hole, there is nothing to visibly observe. The reason we know neutron stars are so dense is because we can use kepler's third law to find the mass of the star, and then we can shoot particles at a neutron star to figure its cross sectional area to find radius and with that we can find its volume and since Density is Mass divided by its volume, we know it's very very dense.
DeleteWhat is neutron degeneracy pressure and what effects does it have on neutron stars?
ReplyDeleteNeutron degeneracy pressure is the force that keeps gravity from crushing a star once electron degeneracy pressure cannot push against gravity. This force occurs because as the star contracts neutrons get pushed into higher energy levels which create a pressure that goes against further gravitational collapse, however there is a limit to this pressure and if it is surpassed a star will become a black hole. This has a clear effect on neutron stars because without it neutron stars simply wouldn’t exists, the tiers of stars would simply be white dwarf to immediately a black hole.
DeleteHow low does the mass have to be, so that the new neurons can stop the collapsing of the star?
ReplyDeleteMass has to be atleast below 3msun in order for neutrons to stop the collapse of a star
DeleteIs the Chandrasekhar limit constant for all White Dwarfs?
ReplyDeleteYes because this is the limit electrons are able to go against the force of gravity
DeleteWhat is the most dense neuron star found?
ReplyDeleteThe densest star found was found by Paul Demorest in 2010 using some newer technique/Instruments and was found to be twice as massive as our sun (2Msun)
DeleteWhen was the first Neutron star discovered?
ReplyDeleteThe existence of neutron stars was discovered in 1932 but were brushed off as hypothetical phenomena since there was little ability to measure them, The first measured discovery of a neutron star was in 1967 by Jocelyn Bell
DeleteHow do you find black holes?
ReplyDeleteTyler Silk
We find black holes through X-Ray Radiation, not from the black hole itself however but by the surrounding material around the black hole that are being funneled into the black hole by the force of gravity, these materials swirl around the black holes disk that they heat up enough to emit X-Rays and we can detect them from earth. They also can be observed by the motion of stars near a black hole.
Delete